1. Suppose you have two test tubes filled with clear fluids. One test tube is filled with tears, and the other is filled with saliva. What substance could you test for the presence of to tell which was saliva and which was tears?
2. What might be the result of a weakness of the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach?
3. What would be the result of an absence of mucus on the lining of the stomach?
4. A condition that limits the ability of the small intestine to absorb would result in a decreased absorption of _________________
5. A condition that limits the ability of the large intestine to absorb would result in a decreased absorption of _________________
6. Some people are allergic to a protein in wheat. When these people eat foods made with wheat, a reaction destroys the villi in the small intestine. What problems would you expect these people to experience?
7. If your stomach could no longer produce acid, how do you think that would affect digestion?
8. From a chemical point of view, why is it important to chew your food thoroughly before swallowing?
9. A person’s blood has high cholecystokinin levels. What does this tell you about the presence or absence of chyme in the small intestine?
10. Some pathogenic bacteria in food can survive the stomach and small intestine, reaching the large intestine. There, they attack the lining of the colon. This irritates the colon, and goblet cells in the colon are stimulated to produce more mucus. This extra mucus can inhibit water absorption through the colon. What common digestive abnormality does this cause?
11. Another common digestive abnormality is “reverse peristalsis”. What is it?
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